Which factor does NOT contribute to the emergence or resurgence of vector-borne diseases?

The emergence or resurgence of vector-borne diseases is often influenced by several factors, and one of the key elements that does not contribute to this phenomenon is lower population density. In areas of lower population density, the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases are typically reduced. This is because lower density can lead to fewer interactions between vectors (like mosquitoes) and hosts (like humans), which lessens the likelihood of disease spread.

In contrast, other factors such as pesticide resistance can lead to increased populations of vectors that are hard to control, allowing disease vectors to thrive and spread more easily. Decreased surveillance resources diminish the ability to monitor and respond to outbreaks effectively, creating opportunities for diseases to re-emerge. Additionally, changes in agricultural practices can influence vector habitats and populations, potentially facilitating the transmission of diseases.

Therefore, the aspect of lower population density stands out, as it is generally associated with decreased risk for the emergence or resurgence of vector-borne diseases, rather than contributing to increased risks.