Which of the following is NOT considered a major driver of IPM?

The choice of using synthetic chemicals exclusively is not considered a major driver of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) because IPM promotes a holistic approach to pest control that emphasizes sustainable and environmentally friendly methods. The philosophy behind IPM is to utilize a combination of approaches, including biological control, cultural practices, and mechanical methods, along with judicious use of chemical controls when necessary. This strategy is aimed at minimizing reliance on chemical pesticides, particularly synthetic ones, to reduce potential negative impacts on human health and the environment.

In contrast, the other options reflect the core principles of IPM. Cost-effectiveness is essential as IPM aims to provide pest control solutions that are economically viable for farmers and land managers. Precaution regarding environmental health risks is integral to IPM, focusing on minimizing harm to non-target organisms and ecosystems. Effectiveness in pest control is, of course, paramount; IPM strategies must effectively manage pest populations to achieve desired outcomes. Thus, the emphasis in IPM is on integrating various methods to achieve pest control goals rather than relying solely on synthetic chemicals.